ORTHO...
Orthopedics And Geriatrics For Physiotherapist
[Extra topics are at bottom of the page]
2MARKS
Model Questions
DIAGRAMS ARE NECESSARY.
1) ERB'S PALSY
Aug-2012
Erb's palsy is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves, specifically the severing of the upper trunk C5–C6 nerves. These form part of the brachial plexus, comprising the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5–C8 and thoracic nerve T1.
2) O.A KNEE
Aug-2012
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis in the knee. It is a degenerative,"wear-and-tear" type of arthritis that occurs most often in people 50 years of age and older, but may occur in younger people, too. In osteoarthritis, the cartilage in the knee joint gradually wears away.
3) EWING'S SARCOMA
Aug-2012
A cancer that most often occurs in and around the bones.
Ewing's sarcoma typically occurs in children and young adults. It often begins in the legs, bones of the pelvis and arms.
Bone pain, localised swelling and tenderness are symptoms. In rare cases bone fractures may also be found.
Treatments include chemotherapy, surgery and radiation.
4) NEURITIS
Aug-2012
Neuritis is inflammation of a nerve[1] or the general inflammation of the peripheral nervous system. Inflammation, and frequently concomitant demyelination, cause impaired conduction of neural signals and leads to aberrant nerve function. Neuritis is often conflated with neuropathy, a broad term describing any disease process which affects the peripheral nervous system. However, neuropathies may be due to either inflammatory or non-inflammatory causes, and the term encompasses any form of damage, degeneration, or dysfunction, while neuritis refers specifically to the inflammatory process.
5) MARCH FRACTURE
Aug-2012
March fracture, is the fracture of the distal third of one of the metatarsals occurring because of recurrent stress. It is more common in soldiers, but also occurs in hikers, organists, people whose duties entail much standing (such as hospital doctors). March fractures most commonly occur in the second and third metatarsal bones of the foot. It is a common cause of foot pain, especially when people suddenly increase their activities
6) ARTHRODESIS
Aug-2012
Arthrodesis, also known as artificial ankylosis or syndesis, is the artificial induction of joint ossification between two bones by surgery. This is done to relieve intractable pain in a joint which cannot be managed by pain medication, splints, or other normally indicated treatments. The typical causes of such pain are fractures which disrupt the joint, severe sprains, and arthritis. It is most commonly performed on joints in the spine, hand, ankle, and foot. Historically, knee and hip arthrodeses were also performed as pain-relieving procedures, but with the great successes achieved in hip and knee arthroplasty, arthrodesis of these large joints has fallen out of favour as a primary procedure, and now is only used as a procedure of last resort in some failed arthroplasties.
7) TYPES OF SPINAL DEFORMITIES
Aug-2012
There are three main types of spine curvature disorders, including:
Lordosis. Also called swayback, the spine of a person with lordosis curves significantly inward at the lower back.
Kyphosis. Kyphosis is characterized by an abnormally rounded upper back (more than 50 degrees of curvature).
Scoliosis.
8) RADIAL NERVE INJURY
Aug-2012
A radial nerve injury refers to damage to the nerve in the upper arm. This nerve controls the triceps muscle. It also helps extend the wrist and fingers and provides sensation in part of the hand. The radial nerve is close to the bone in the upper arm, so it is vulnerable to injury, especially if the arm breaks
9) EXTENSOR LAG
Aug-2014
Extension Lag. The extensor lag describes the lack of full knee extension with full contraction of the quadriceps. Common - Limited knee extension range of motion (ROM) may also cause the lack of full extension or zero degrees flexion(ability to fully extend ones leg). Usually, quad weakness is the major issue.
10) GENU VALGUM
Aug-2014
Genu valgum, commonly called "knock-knee", is a condition in which the knees angle in and touch each other when the legs are straightened. Individuals with severe valgus deformities are typically unable to touch their feet together while simultaneously straightening the legs.
11) BICIPITAL TENDONITIS
Aug-2014
Bicipital tendinitis, or biceps tendinitis, is an inflammatory process of the long head of the biceps tendon and is a common cause of shoulder pain due to its position and function. The tendon is exposed on the anterior shoulder as it passes through the humeral bicipital groove and inserts onto the superior aspect of the labrum of the glenohumeral joint. Disorders of the biceps tendon can result from impingement or as an isolated inflammatory injury. Other causes are secondary to compensation for rotator cuff disorders, labral tears, and intra-articular pathology.
12) ARTHRODESIS
Aug-2014
Arthrodesis, also known as artificial ankylosis or syndesis, is the artificial induction of joint ossification between two bones by surgery. This is done to relieve intractable pain in a joint which cannot be managed by pain medication, splints, or other normally indicated treatments.
13)TENDON TRANSFER
Aug-2014
A tendon transfer is a surgery that moves a working muscle and tendon to replace a non-working muscle and tendon. For example, after a broken wrist, the tendon to the thumb (EPL tendon) that allows you to make a “thumbs-up” can break. Often, the two ends of the tendon are very damaged and cannot be sewn back together.
14) TRIGGER FINGER
Aug-2014
A condition in which a finger gets stuck in a bent position and then snaps straight.
Trigger finger occurs when the tendon in the affected finger becomes inflamed. Those most at risk include women, people with diabetes or arthritis and people whose regular activities strain their hands.
Symptoms include stiffness, a popping or clicking sensation and tenderness in the affected finger. Triggering is usually worse in the morning.
Treatment includes splinting, medication and surgery.
15) BURSITIS
Aug-2014
Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads (bursae) that act as cushions at the joints.
Bursitis occurs most often at joints that perform frequent repetitive motion.
Symptoms include pain, swelling and stiffness. Common areas include the knees, shoulders, elbows and hips.
Treatment includes rest, ice and pain relievers. Surgery is rarely required.
16) OSTEOPOROSIS
Aug-2014
Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle — so brittle that a fall or even mild stresses such as bending over or coughing can cause a fracture. Osteoporosis-related fractures most commonly occur in the hip, wrist or spine. Bone is living tissue that is constantly being broken down and replaced.Jun
Symptoms: Bone fracture
17) MALUNION
Aug-2014
A malunion is when a fractured bone doesn't heal properly. Some ways that it shows is by having the bone being twisted, shorter, or bent. Malunions can occur by having the bones improperly aligned when immobilized, having the cast taken off too early, or never seeking medical treatment after the break.
18) TORTICOLLIS
Aug-2014
Torticollis is a problem involving the muscles of the neck that causes the head to tilt down. The term comes from two Latin words: tortus, which means twisted, and collum, which means neck. Sometimes it's called “wryneck.” If your baby has the condition at birth, it's called congenital muscular torticollis.
ORTHO CONDITIONS
DISCLAIMER
This notes is for additional purpose which orthopaedics conditions & syndromes are already learned by college syllabus. These things are for extra knowledge and recall purpose. There are various conditions/syndromes which as a student cant remember at time. With the help of this note it is easy to remember the conditions at right time.
FRACTURE
Fracture healing.
Complications of fractures.
Chauffer’s fracture.
Colle’s fracture. ·
Smith’s fracture. ·
Scaphoid fracture. ·
Fracture of the metacarpals. ·
Bennett’s fracture.
Hangman’s fracture. ·
Fracture odontoid. · Fracture of atlas
Dupuytren’s fracture ·
Maisonneuve’s fracture. ·
Pott’s fracture
Bimalleolar fracture ,
Trimalleolar fracture
CONJENITAL DEFORMITES
CTEV ·
CDH. ·
Torticollis. ·
Scoliosis. ·
Flat foot. ·
Vertical talus.
HAND ANAMALIES
syndactyly,
polydactyly and ectrodactly. ·
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita(amyoplasia congenita).
LIMB DEFICIENCIES
Amelia and Phocomelia. ·
Klippel feil syndrome. ·
Osteogenesis imperfecta(fragile ossium). ·
Cervical rib.
ACQUIRED DEFORMITIES
Acquired Torticollis. ·
Scoliosis. ·
Kyphosis. ·
Lordosis. ·
Genu varum,
Genu valgum,
Genu recurvatum ·
Coxa vara. ·
Pes cavus,
Pes Planus
Hallux rigidus.
Hallux valgus.
Hammer toe.
Metatarsalgia.
INFIAMMATORY AND DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS
Osteoarthritis. ·
Rheumatoid arthritis. ·
Ankylosing spondylitis 5 - 87 ·
Gouty arthritis. ·
Psoriatic arthritis. ·
Hemophilic arthritis. ·
Still’s disease (Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis). ·
Charcot’s joints.
Connective Tissue Disorders ·
Systemic Lupus Erythematosis ·
Scleroderma ·
Dermatomyositis ·
Mixed connective tissue Disease (MCTD) 10.
